Thursday, January 30, 2020
On the Sino-Japanese Relationship Essay Example for Free
On the Sino-Japanese Relationship Essay Bibliography: 1. Jacques Gernet. A history of Chinese civilization. Cambridge University Press. 1996. 2. Asakawa, K.. The Early Institutional Life of Japan: A Study in Reform of 645, Japan. 1963. 3. B. , Barbara; Changgen, Yu. Chinese Foreign Policy during the Cultural Revolution. New York: Columbia University Press. 1998. 4. Hagstrà ¶m, Linus. Japan’s China Policy: A Relational Power Analysis, London and New York, 2005. 5. Hagstrà ¶m, Linus. Sino-Japanese Relations: The Ice That Won’t Melt, International Journal, 2008. 6. Sansom, George . A History of Japan to 1334. Stanford University Press. 1958. China and Japan are geographically separated by East China Sea. China has strongly influenced Japan with its writing system, architecture, culture, religion, philosophy, and law. The relationship between China and Japan is very complex, in different times, the relationship changes. At very beginning, when China was ruled by Qin Shi Huang, he â€Å"sent several hundred people to Japan to search for medicines of immortality†.(1996) Other records at the time show that Japan already had the same customs recognized today. These include clapping during prayers, eating from wooden trays and eating raw fish. During the Sui Dynasty and Tang Dynasty, Japan sent many students on a limited number of Imperial embassies to China, to help establish its own footing as a sovereign nation in northeast Asia. â€Å"After the fall of the Korean confederated kingdom of Baekje to combined Tang and Silla forces, Japan was forced to seek out the Chinese state on its own, which in those times was a treacherous undertaking, thus limiting the successes of Japanese overseas contacts during this time.†(1963) In AD 663 the Battle of Baekgang took place, the first China-Japanese conflict in recorded history. â€Å"The battle was part of the ancient relationships between the Korean Three Kingdoms (Samguk or Samhan), the Japanese Yamato, and Chinese dynasties.†(1996) The battle itself came near the conclusion of this period with the fall of Baekje, one of the Samguk or three Korean kingdoms, coming on the heels of this battle. From AD 600-1600, marine trades between China and Japan are well recorded, and many Chinese artifacts could be excavated. Baekje and Silla sometimes played the role of middleman, while direct commercial links between China and Japan flourished. â€Å"The ports of Ningbo and Hangzhou had the most direct trading links to Japan and had Japanese residents doing business. The Ming dynasty decreed that Ningbo was the only place where Japanese-Chinese relations could take place.†(1996) After 663, Japan had no choice but to directly trade with the Chinese dynasties. At first the Japanese had little long-range seafaring expertise of their own but eventually the Japanese improved their naval prowess as well as the construction of their ships. Then, it was 1890s. After the arrival of Commodore Perry and the forced opening of Japan to western trading, Japan realized it needed to modernize to avoid the humiliation of China during the Opium Wars. Friction between China and Japan arose from Japans control over the Ryukyu Islands from 1870, annexation of Taiwan after the First Sino-Japanese war of 1894. China was almost forced to cede more territory in Manchuria but was saved by Russian intervention. Despite this, China still paid a huge indemnity and relinquished Taiwan. The next stage was the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II. In 1931, â€Å"Japan fully occupied Manchuria and created a new state called Manchukoku (Manchukuo), after a series of incidents culminating in the Mukden Incident and came to full scale invasion of China in July 1937.†(2008) Japan was soon able to gain control over all Chinese outlying territories. The Japanese invaded Beijing after accusing the Chinese Second United Front troops of shooting at Marco Polo Bridge. This marked the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War. Chinese nationalist aircraft then bombed Japanese positions in Shanghai and marked the beginning of the Battle of Shanghai. Afterwards, the Japanese advanced and faced little resistance as the best Chinese troops were sacrificed in Shanghai. â€Å"Japanese troops massacred Chinese prisoners of war (considered shameful by Japanese Bushido) and civilians over the course of two months during the Rape of Nanking.†(2008) Actual numbers of killed vary according to Chinese or Japanese sources. Chinese sources accept 300,000 or more killed. In 1945, Japan’s unconditional surrender shows the Chinese victory of the war. After the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949, relations with Japan changed from hostility and an absence of contact to cordiality and extremely close cooperation in many fields. But some Japanese fear that the economic and military power of the China has been increasing. In December 1971, the Chinese and Japanese trade liaison offices began to discuss the possibility of restoring diplomatic trade relations, and â€Å"in July 1972, Kakuei Tanaka succeeded Eisaku SatÃ… as a new Japanese Prime Minister. Tanaka assumed a normalization of the Sino-Japanese relations. Furthermore, the 1972 Nixon visit to China encouraged the normalization process. His visit to Beijing culminated in the signing a joint statement on September 29, 1972.†(2005) The Japanese agreed to most of the PRC’s demands, including the political status of Taiwan. Subsequently, the bilateral economic relationships grew rapidly: 28 Japanese and 30 Chinese economic and trade missions visited their partner country. In 2001, Japans Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi visits the Yasukuni Shrine, a dedication to the countrys fallen soldiers. His visit is seen by many Chinese as symbolizing a denial of Japans World Word II war crimes, specifically the Rape of Nanjing. In 2005, Sino-Japanese â€Å"relations deteriorate after Japanese textbooks understate Rape of Nanjing atrocities. Violent anti-Japanese protests erupt throughout China, North Korea, South Korea and other Asian nations.†(2008) Now, a series of chess moves by China and Japan over the Diaoyu islands frays already fragile relations. On Aug. 15, Japanese police arrested China activists who had sailed to the islands. This enrages Chinese all over the world, people boycott Japanese goods and anti-Japanese one after another. From my point of view, Japan has crossed the line. We want a good relationship and a peaceful world, but we cannot accept someone warp the history and grab territory. As a Chinese student, I have special feelings toward Japan from childhood, what all I hope is Japan could be less agressive.
Wednesday, January 22, 2020
history :: essays research papers
At the time that Gotham City was situated, the political condition of the country was undergoing major transition. There was great need for politicians to take up opportunities created by the masses as a leverage for their own cause. Gotham City with its infrastructure would have been an ideal situation for any political figure to take up and use it for his own advantage. Michael Curley, who has been a democratic candidate himself, was keen on individuality. He had been nominated for Boston’s mayor several times but he had not been able to achieve significant success with Congress due his criminal background. Curley would have suggested that the town continues to develop the Gotham district that was thriving and at the same time the immigrant groups should be paid more attention. Curley believed that every person is entitled to social rights. Even if he was charged with fraud himself and jailed, the Bostinanian believed in individuality. He belived that any misuse of public rights should be rectified by law. In the case of Gotham City, the rights of the immigrants were being misuse; therefore they should be given their due rights. Similarly, George Washington Plunkitt (1842-1924) would also have the opinion that people whether poor or rich should be given opportunities to rectify their situation. He believed in dealing with any situation in an honest manner, not through dishonest black mailing etc. He believed every man is an opportunist and he should use such opportunities to better his cause. Whether these opportunities comes in the form of rectification of a city living standards or investing in a project. With Gotham City’s background an opportunist should take up the situation in his own hand to improve the condition of the city. With an infrastructure like Gotham, Plunkitt would have considered the city a good investment. To improve the condition of the city, they would have to improve the living condition of the immigrants further. This way they would build a stronger city and labor force for the meager industrial structure further. On the other hand Woodrow Wilson with his Princeton background would have a different view for reorganization of Gotham City. Wilson gained a Ph.D. and professorhood when he became president of Princeton in 1902. His main concern was to reorganize the curriculum and introduction of preceptorial system of instruction to provide individualized education to the masses.
Tuesday, January 14, 2020
Masanobu Hirasawa
EXPERIENCE SUMMARY Extensive experience in mortgage origination, warehousing, securitization, market-making and risk management industries. Demonstrated success in developing new businesses, expanding client base, controlling costs and improving profitability. Highly-skilled in a full spectrum of mortgage-backed functions, including sales/trading, risk management, investment analysis, client presentations, cash flow modeling and performance analysis.OBJECTIVEBank management position supervising mortgage-backed properties division.EXPERIENCETOKYO STAR BANK, LTD., Tokyo, Japan                                                            Mar 2006-PresentGeneral Manager, Business Strategy & CoordinationBegan the first private mortgage conduit in Japan. Created third-party origination (correspondent l ending) and securitization platform during my first eight months.  Identified unique emerging market opportunities in Japan and founded program to provide specialized long-term financing support in the mortgage banking industry. Developed and launched innovative business concept to address under-served niche market and integrated new model with existing franchise.Created â€Å"Mortgage Banking & Conduit†in Corporate Finance Group and recruited professionals to underwrite, purchase and accumulate mortgage assets for re-packaging.Developed and launched two new loan products on time, including prime ARMs & hybrid ARMs and prime piggyback seconds (onto the Japanese conforming loan, â€Å"Flat 35†), which have been well received in the primary market.Established exceptional correspondent relationships with major mortgage lenders, such as SBI Mortgage, Toshiba Housing Loan, Mortgage Services of Japan, Family Life Service and Yuryo Housing Loan. Successfully funde d 2 billion yen in new loans in 10 months.Directed the across-the-board project to create and implement a streamlined origination process.Led the team to execute all documentations for acquisitions and resolved critical legal issues including Bank Agency Law.Developed pricing methodologies, optimized profitability and controlled budget.Oversaw underwriting guidelines and maintained the quality of acquired assets.Led the project team to create loan databases, which enabled the Bank to readily off-balance its assets.SHINSEI BANK, LTD., Tokyo, Japan                                                                   Feb 2002-Mar 2006Manager, Capital Markets DivisionDirected the team managing risks of the division’s conduit businesses, including mortgage loans and securitized loan po rtfolio. Created and reported detailed P&L, including key items like positions, hedge mark-to-markets and funding costs. Played a key role in acquiring residential mortgage loans from the secondary market and established a mortgage-banking platform such as SBI Mortgage, Shinsei Property Finance and Rakuten Mortgage.Independently managed the division’s portfolio, worth over 1 trillion yen in market value, and hedged its interest rate and prepayment risks primarily using swaps, caps and swap options.Instrumental in growing assets from 20 billion yen to over 1 trillion yen in 3 years. Achieved 20% annual net increase in investment income during that time.Developed a complete cash flow pricing model using INTEX and MIAC analytics to successfully acquire over 2 trillion yen of mortgage portfolios from regional banks.Set up and implemented secondary marketing functions for five mortgage correspondents, which added 15 billion yen new originations to the mortgage conduit annually.Created business plans, budgets and forecasting and made presentations to investment committees.Successfully managed a team of three pricing and risk management professionals and oversaw numerous loan database projects.MERRILL LYNCH JAPAN CO., LTD., Tokyo, Japan                                        Sep 2000-Aug 2001Assistant Vice President, MBS/ABS Trading and SyndicationTrader and marketer of global securitized products for Japanese and Asia-Pacific investors. Managed trading books by way of hedging trading positions and prepared a daily offering sheet with market comments and data. Attended sales meetings on a regular basis and extensive client management.Executed trades on U.S. pass-throughs, CMO and credit card and auto loan ABS with a volume in excess of $1 billion for the year 2000-2001.NOMURA SECURITIES INTERNATIONAL, INC., New York, NY          July 1998-August 2000Assistant Vice President, MBS ResearchResearch analyst for the U.S. residential MBS markets and assisted traders and sales force in assessing relative value, documenting trade strategies and generating investment ideas. Regularly wrote commentaries on market events, prepayment speeds and housing indices.HSBC SECURITIES, INC., New York, NY                                                           Jan 1998-Jun 1998Associate, Mortgage-Backed ResearchThe firm closed down its mortgage business in 2/98. Moved to Nomura Securities along with my supervisor.BLACKROCK, INC., New York, NY                                                                    Dec 1996-Jan 1998Analyst, Portfolio AdministrationLiaised with accounting agents of the firm’s institutional clients, participated in reconciliation with custodians and monitored portfolio compliance with investment guidelines and regulatory parameters. Worked as an intern between 12/96-4/97.EducationCOLUMBIA UNIVERSITY, New York, NYM.A., Statistics, 1996STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, BINGHAMTON, Binghamton, NYB.A., Mathematics, 1994Professional LicensesNASD Series 7 & 63 and JASD Level 1 & 2
Sunday, January 5, 2020
UAE Consumer Lifestyle Analysis - 42818 Words
Consumer Lifestyles - United Arab Emirates Euromonitor International August 2010 List of Contents and Tables Structure of the Report 1 Consumer Trends 1 Increased Demand for Health and Wellness Products in the Middle East 2 Popularity of Online Shopping Grows Amongst UAE Consumers 3 Generation of Newly Thrifty UAE Consumers 3 Rental Rates Plummet Across the Uae, Adding To Consumer Disposable Income 4 Environmentally Friendly Consumers on the Rise in UAE 5 Consumer Segmentation 6 Babies and Infants 6 Kids 7 Tweenagers 7 Teens 8 Twenty-somethings 10 Thirty-somethings 10 Middle-aged Adults 11 Older Population 12 Table 1 Consumer Segmentation: 2005-2009 12 Table 2 Consumer Segmentation: 2010-2020 13 People 13†¦show more content†¦xpenditure on Non-Alcoholic Drinks (Current Value): 2005-2009 42 Table 46 Consumer Expenditure on Non-Alcoholic Drinks (Constant Value): 2005-2009 42 Table 47 Consumer Expenditure on Non-Alcoholic Drinks (Constant 2009 Value): 2010-2020 42 Table 48 Consumer Foodservice by Type (Current Value): 2004-2008 42 Drinking 43 Drinking Habits 43 Shopping for Alcoholic Beverages 43 Table 49 Consumer Expenditure on Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco (Current Value): 2005-2009 44 Table 50 Consumer Expenditure on Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco (Constant 2009 Value): 2005-2009 44 Table 51 Consumer Expenditure on Alcoholic Beverages and Tobacco (Constant 2009 Value): 2010-2020 44 Smoking 44 Smoking Habits 44 Shopping for Cigarettes and Tobacco 45 Table 52 Smoking Prevalence: 2005-2009 45 Personal Appearance 45 Shopping for Toiletries and Cosmetics 45 Attitudes Towards Hair and Beauty 46 Table 53 Expenditure on Cosmetics and Toiletries (Current Value): 2005-2009 47 Table 54 Expenditure on Cosmetics and Toiletries (Constant 2009 Value): 2005-2009 47 Fashion 47 Fashion Trends 47 Shopping for Clothes, Shoes and Luxury Goods 48 Table 55 Consumer Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear (Current Value): 2005-2009 49 Table 56 Consumer Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear (Constant 2009 Value): 2005-2009 49 Table 57 Consumer Expenditure on Clothing and Footwear (Constant 2009 Value): 2010-2020 50 Health and Wellness 50 Healthcare 50 Health and Well-being 51 Sport and FitnessShow MoreRelatedAl Ain Dairy: Market Expansion1165 Words  | 5 Pages FACULTY OF ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA 1. 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