The Different Types of Charts - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 920 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Analytics Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Area Chart Figure 1: Area chart Use it to * Display over time (or any other dimension): * How a set of data adds up to a whole (cumulated totals) * Which part of the whole each element represents Variants * Percentage: The sum always represents 100% (relative scale) * Cumulative: The sum can vary according to the elements (absolute scale) Column/Bar Chart Use it to * Present few data over a nominal (e. g. countries, testing conditions, or interval scale (e. g. time); useful for comparisons of data Do not Use it for * Comparisons: Better use one-dimensional scatterplots, because these are not dominated by bars or columns. * Larger data sets: Use line charts. Selecting Bars or Columns * Use analogy as a selection criterion, if applicable; when in doubt, use columns * Use a horizontal bar chart if the labels are too long to fit under the columns Variants Multiple Column/Bar Chart: Use it to present data rows for several variables * Side-by-Side Chart: Use it to (1) show contras ting trends between levels of an independent variable, (2) if comparisons between individual pairs of values are most important; do not use for more than two independent variables | | | Figure 2: Multiple column chart (left), side-by-side chart (right) Segmented Column/Bar Chart Other Names: Divided or stacked column/bar chart Figure 3: Segmented column chart (relative values) Use it to * Present a part-whole relation over time (with accurate impression, see below) * Show proportional relationships over time * Display wholes which are levels on a nominal scale Segmented column/bar charts are more accurate than pie chart, because distances can be more accurately estimated than areas. Frequency Polygon, Histograms Figure 4: Histogram as frequency distribution Variants Polygon: Connects data points through straight lines or higher order graphs * Histogram: Columns/bars touch; useful for larger sets of data points, typically used for frequency distributions * Staircase Chart: Display s only the silhouette of the histogram; useful for even larger sets of data points, typically used for frequency distributions * Step chart: Use it to illustrate trends among more than two members of nominal or ordinal scales; do not use it for two or more variables or levels of a single variable (hard to read) * Pyramid histogram: Two mirror histograms; use it for comparisons Line Chart Figure 5: Line chart Use it * To display long data rows * To interpolate between data points * To extrapolate beyond known data values (forecast) * To compare different graphs * To find and compare trends (changes over time) * To recognize correlations and covariations between variables * If the X axis requires an interval scale * To display interactions over two levels on the X axis * When convention defines meaningful patterns (e. g. a zigzag line) Line graphs may consist of line or curved segments: Lines: Use straight lines to connect real data points * Curves: Use curves to represent function al relations between data points or to interpolate data Do not Use it * If the X axis has non-numeric values Variants * Graph with double-logarithmic or half-logarithmic scale divisions * Graph with variance bars, stock charts (High/Low/Close) etc. Pie Chart Figure 6: Pie chart Use it to * convey approximate proportional relationships (relative amounts) at a point in time * compare part of a whole at a given point in time Exploded: emphasize a small proportion of parts Do not Use it * For exact comparisons of values, because estimating angles is difficult for people. * For rank data:Â  Use column/bar charts in this case; use multiple column/bar charts for grouped data * If proportions vary greatly; do not use multiple pies to compare corresponding parts. Caution! * Pie charts cannot represent values beyond 100%. * Each pie chart is valid for one point in time only. * Pie charts are only suited to presenting quite a few percentage values. Angles are harder to estimate for people th an distances; perspective pie charts are even harder to interpret. Scatterplot | | | Figure 7: One-dimensional scatterplot (left), two-dimensional scatterplot (right) Variants 1. One-dimensional scatterplot: Data point are drawn above a baseline (as in column/bar charts). Here the data points are not connected but remain isolated data points. 2. Two-dimensional scatter plot: Shows correlation between two data sets. This chart type has two dependent variables: One is plotted along the X axis, the other along the Y axis; the independent variable is the intersection of both dependent variables, realized as a data point in the diagram. Use it to * Show measurements over time (one-dimensional scatterplot) * Convey an overall impression of the relation between two variables (Two-dimensional scatterplot) Do not Use it for * Determining and comparing trends, interpolation, extrapolation, recognition and comparison of change rates * More than one independent variable: Avoid illustrating m ore than one independent variable in a scatter plot A histogram typically shows the quantity of points that fall within various numeric ranges (or bins). * A bar chart uses bars to show frequencies or values for different categories. * A pie chart shows percentage values as a slice of a pie. * A line chart is a two-dimensional scatterplot of ordered observations where the observations are connected following their order. * A bubble chart is a two-dimensional scatterplot where a third variable is represented by the size of the points. A Polar area diagram, sometimes called a Coxcomb chart developed by Florence Nightingale is an enhanced form of pie chart. * A radar chart or spider chart is a two-dimensional chart of three or more quantitative variables represented on axes starting from the same point. * A waterfall chart also known as a Walk chart, is a special type of floating-column chart. * A Tree Map where the areas of the rectangles correspond to values. Other dimensions can be represented with colour or hue. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Different Types of Charts" essay for you Create order

Essay about Marcus Garvey - 752 Words

Marcus Garvey â€Å"Final Exam† Marcus Garvey, was born in Jamaica in 1887 and is considered to be the father of the Black Nationalism Movement. During the early 1900’s, after reading Booker T. Washington’s Up From Slavery, Garvey pledged to organize Blacks throughout the world with an agenda of Black unity and pride. Moreover, Garvey achieved his greatest influence in the Untied States where there was a growing ambition among Blacks for justice, wealth, and a sense of community. From the time of World War I, up until the mid-1920’s, Gravey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association(UNIA) was the largest Black organization in African-American history. An estimated million men and women from the United States, the Caribbean, and†¦show more content†¦In addition, black soldiers were told that when they return home they should not expect the same privileges they enjoyed aboard. When the war ended in 1919, the African-American community was outraged. Their soldiers were not shown any type of gratitude. Instead, they were the victims of violence. For example, of the seventy-five Blacks lynched in 1919, ten were World War I veterans. The disappointment that World War I left on the Black community served as fuel for the fire Garvey’s radical movement. Soon after World War I, Garvey concluded that the anger that engulfed many Black communities after the war could be used as a catalyst to end both imperialism in Africa and discrimination in the United States. He combined the economic nationalist ideas of Booker T. Washington with various Pan-Africanist idealists of the time. Garvey’s goals were modern and urban. He wanted to end imperialist rule and create modern societies in Africa. He formed black communities on three continents with his newspaper the â€Å"Negro World ,† and in 1919 he established the Black Star Line, an international shipping company to provided transportation and encourage trade among the Blacks in Africa and Blacks in the United States. In the same year he founded the Negro Factories Corporation to establish suchShow MoreRelatedEssay On Marcus Garvey1022 Words   |  5 PagesMidterm Marcus Mosiah Garvey, the Visionary Roosevelt Hawkins, Jr Black Political Social History Dr. Luckett October 11, 2017 Roosevelt Hawkins Black Political and Social History Marcus Mosiah Garvey, the Visionary Who is arguably the father of 20th century Black Nationalism? Some may think of the leader W.E.B. Dubois or even Malcolm X as being the father. Truth be told, the term â€Å"Black Nationalism† boils down to one person. Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr is his name. He was the youngestRead MoreEssay on Marcus Garvey1339 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans of all time is Marcus Garvey. Marcus Garvey achieved accomplishments in not just one, but many areas. His accomplishments ranged from a worldwide Black political organization, The Untied Negro Improvement Association, to the first, and to this day the largest Black-owned multinational businesses, the Black Star Lines. Marcus was criticized by many of his fellow African American leaders because many of his projects failed. In despite of that, Marcus Garvey talent to attract followersRead More Biography of Marcus Mosiah Garvey Essay examples3604 Words   |  15 PagesBiography of Marcus Mosiah Garvey Marcus Mosiah Garvey was the man who in the historical record brought unification and strength to Black people throughout the world. He traveled to many countries to see the poor working and living conditions of the black people. He started the United Negro Improvement Association and spoke out about the unjust behavior towards his people. He inspired and gave hope through speaking, teaching and writing. He used poetry to understand his own life and relay itRead MoreMarcus Garvey : The Black Star Line1844 Words   |  8 PagesMarcus Garvey is arguably one of the early pioneers in Pan Africanism, black consciousness, and political radicalism. Garvey is regarded for his speaking on race tensions, economic inequality and the plight of Native Africans in America. Not widely and prominently known like the images of Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Huey Newton, Elijah Mohammad, but should be regarded for paving the way for those individuals. In this paper we will discuss three notable momen ts that developed Marcus Garvey intoRead MorePan Africanism and Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. 1161 Words   |  5 PagesMarcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr was a Jamaican political leader who accomplished many things within his lifetime. He was a well-known publisher, entrepreneur, journalist, Black Nationalist, as well as Pan-Africanist. Pan Africanism is the idea that all African American people possess a common cultural legacy extending from Africa. In saying this, all African Americans should work together in maintaining the culture and removing expatriate power. Marcus Garvey was important because he aided in inspiringRead MoreThe New Negro, And Marcus Garvey s Speech On Negroes1387 Words   |  6 PagesAlain Locke wrote â€Å"Enter the New Negro,† and Marcus Garvey’s speech on Negroes in the early twentieth century interconnects on â€Å"new† Americans and new cultural Politics. Psychological and social traits were examined deeply about â€Å"new negroes,† and how their emergence in society was different from when their ancestors manifested. The â€Å"new† negro no longer embodied â€Å"old† characteristics that defined a black man. Society had always taught a black man how to act; however, now he was adapting to theRead MoreThe Middle Passage, By Lorraine Hansberry, Africa For The Africans By Marcus Garvey1794 Words   |  8 Pagesand prejudice. The idea of an emigration movement came about and was debated among the African Americans who were searching for freedom and liberty. The play, A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry, and the essay, â€Å"Africa for the Africans† by Marcus Garvey, both portray the idea of emigration. Hansberry and Garvey’s works contrast each other in portraying the purpose of emigration. Beneatha’s possible decision to emigrate to Africa is because of her personal reason to find her identity and embraceRead More Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for Racial Equality1050 Words   |  5 PagesMarcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois Impact the Fight for Racial Equality The beginning of the early twentieth century saw the rise of two important men into the realm of black pride and the start of what would later become the movement towards civil rights. Both Marcus Garvey and W.E.B. Du Bois influenced these two aforementioned movements, but the question is, to what extent? Marcus Garvey, born in Jamaica, came to the United States on March 23, 1916 to spread his program of race improvementRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance And Marcus Garvey s Universal Negro Improvement Association ( Unia )854 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Northern states, and the excessive levels of racism and prejudice they faced during the process. African Americans were really starting to make their voices and identities prevalent, especially through movements like the Harlem Renaissance and Marcus Garvey’s Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA). This mentality of independence and militance that African Americans adopted which is represented through the actions of Ossian Sweet is what makes up the 1920s cultural construct of the â€Å"NewRead MoreAfrican Americ A Transformation For Blacks1390 Words   |  6 Pagesenthusiasm, passion, love and dignity for their people. As I would like to think Marcus Garvey, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X had a percentage of the best deve lopment s movement and accomplishment in the U.S history and the battle for equally for all African American. Their movement, marches and voices made changes that in any case influences the African American group today in a positive light. Marcus Mosiah Garvey was born in St. Ann s Bay parish of St. Ann, Jamaica on August 17, 1887. He spent

Ethical Organziation Commonwealth Bank

Question: Discuss about theEthical Organziation for Commonwealth Bank. Answer: Introduction Organizations have grown in size over the years which have increased complexity with respect to different processes in the organization. There has been increasing threat to various organizations as more and more scandals crop up. Commonwealth Bank is one such organization which has been marred by a series of scandals and therefore are aiming to build a strong ethical culture in the organization. Some aspects of building an ethical culture can be listed as follows: Leadership The first and primary step in being an ethical organization can be taken by the top management of the organization. The culture in any organization has to be determined by the leaders and the real test happens when there is any decision making situation in the organization. When the leaders go for an ethically right decision instead of just running behind profit then it makes a real difference even at the lower rungs of the organization (Gergen, 2015). Value Every ethical learning organization should have a core value statement which is aligned to the mission of the company. Value of a company defines the way a company works and the culture of the organization. Therefore values have to be charted out which will lead to the code of conduct for the business aligned to the mission of the company. Integrity It is the umbrella characteristic which should be adhered to at any cost while doing business. Commonwealth bank should try to work as per the rules and regulations of state, national and federal levels. Communication from the top to the employees of the organization should be open and transparent so that they have a clear idea about their goals and the ways of working (Jeanes, 2016). Respect Respect for ones work and the way it is done is synonymous to ethical behavior. There should be honor in whatever decision that is taken by the company. Employees always want to work for a loyal employer and build a long term relationship. An organization can expect commitment from its employees only when they are treated with respect and honor. Loyalty Strong relationships and meaningful interactions between the employer and employee are the stepping stone of building an ethical learning organization. Therefore commonwealth bank should strive to create an environment wherein their employees feel that their career growth is in safe hands and they can contribute their finest efforts for the betterment of the company. This kind loyalty forms the bedrock of an ethical learning organization. Reference Gergen, K. J. (2015). Global organization: From imperialism to ethical vision.Organization,2(3-4), 519532. doi:10.1177/135050849523013 Jeanes, E. (2016). Are we ethical? Approaches to ethics in management and organisation research.Organization,4(1), 452465. doi:10.1177/1350508416656930

International Competitiveness Of Asian Firm - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the International Competitiveness Of Asian Firm. Answer Introduction: Solutions of Enterprise Resource Planning initialized on the market from the first half of the 1980s. They usually comprised of modules related to Logistics, finance and manufacturing that permitted the management of sales, purchases, productions and stocks. These solutions were generally termed to be the Planning of Enterprise Resources as they allowed the elaboration of stage along with the integrated administration regarding major resources of the company (Ahmad and Cuenca 2013). This included the utilization of resources in fixed inventory, finance, human resources and materials along with the associated processes. Prior to the development of ERP, in-house developed or purchased software that is less or more interfaced was considered to be the sole solution that was offered to organizations in order to the management of events while a segregation was maintained between tasks, departments, input, tasks and databases. This research paper would produce several insights regarding the significance of the integration of ERP with the organizational policies. It would also address the issues that take place because of minimal integration between process, people and information. It would also demonstrate the various ways that ERP systems utilize to address the issues of integration, along with the benefits that organizations achieve upon the integration of resources. The latter would be justified with 2 case scenarios that would depict the issues they confronted because of minimal integration and the various ways in which ERP systems have helped them to overcome the challenges. Discussion: Importance of integration to companies A company without any policy for ERP would be executing its functions on several kinds of software that do not facilitate communication. In several cases, customization might also turn out to be problematic. This would negatively influence the optimized performance of the business activities of the company. The organization would be confronting hardships in several functional regions. The design of engineering related to the software would be required for the improvement of products and the behaviour of the clients need to be abided by for the improvement of the product along with the following of the behaviour of the consumer and the choices as the initial contact is extremely vital. Supervision of various interdependent receipts would be extremely complicated, like invoices of purchased materials, salaries or general expenditures. When an integrated ERP system is implemented on behalf of the company, all of these issues are addressed simultaneously. Data flows constantly and the pr ocess of the client are allowed to be followed at any instance, irrespective of the component of the process which the organization is implementing. Expenditures and purchases are registered in a core database that permits to maintain a close monitoring of activities (Ram, Corkindale and Wu 2013). Regarding this aspect, ERP supports the prevention of possible abuse. With the implementation of an integrated powerful ERP system, interactions regarding sales, marketing and control over these events are enabled. This can all be stored in a single database. As a result, retyping of errors and occasional losses would be eliminated. All functions and departments would be integrated by it across the organization in a solo computer system which would be capable to serve every individual needs of the company. Business processes are also automated by the ERP system by their placement in a capable format that is regarded to be standardized and is considered to be common for the entire company. In addition to this, it can also be used between the manufacturers and their consumers. When an integrated ERP system is implemented, better management of information takes place via automation of the business (Laurent, Chollet and Herzberg 2015). Measurements and performance metrics are necessary in the evaluation of the programs of the business and also to support the development of the future goals. However, with the flourishing of the business, problems would continue to take place regarding manual calculation of the margin of sales, ratios of profit and other similar metrics. An extent of automation is brought about by ERP that allows the employees across the company to access shared information without the necessity of maintenance of manual records (Tanzeel and Idrees 2016). The generation of synchronized reports is also enabled regarding the metrics of major businesses. Immediate access to information is necessary for taking timely business decisions (Laudon and Laudon 2016). Workflow is also improved as every process is streamlined and simplification of access takes place via user-friendly interfaces (Riaz et al. 2014). The employees are better equipped with the acquisition of relevant data that would be important to carry out their jobs. These jobs can be the extraction of a standardized or customized reports or the formulation of a report regarding its presentation. Each employees job is made easier with the implementation of ERP software that results in improved productivity. The main objective regarding any ERP is the integration of every function related to a business into a single platform (Parvizi, Oghbaei and Khayami 2013). Several businesses are still utilizing the inevitable position where information is stored in several systems and locations. When this data is centralized and the means of streamlining are accessed along with the addition of information, ERP contributes too much better productivity within the model of the business. The software of ERP integrates several different processes that are considered to be mandatory for carrying out an enterprise of business into a single database. These processes comprise of order and inventory management, human resources, accounting, management of consumer relationship amongst other needs (Ijaz et al. 2014). When the processes are streamlined into a single effective system, a shared database is provided by the ERP that supports several functions across the organization. It also helps in the simplification of accounting of business. A developing business would struggle with the procedures of accounting if they are either still manual or if accounting, sales, finance and the departments of HR are devoid of access to shared information. The financial reports and daily accounting would particularly need a lot of effort and time that can be easily minimized with the utilization of the ERP (Ram, Wu and Tagg 2014). When ERP is implemented for analysing and integrating finan cial information, the productivity of employee would enhance manifold and the delays would be reduced considerably. It also helps in maintaining a state of transparency in the company. Any organization values its assets of data and the corresponding security attached to it. The integrity and security of information is extremely necessary for ensuring the strategic information of business is accessed and processed by the right personnel. With the utilization of an ERP, the accessibility and safety of data can be ensured, along with the provision of utmost security (Altamony et al. 2016). In addition to this, strategic data can be regulated at a single place while updates are received regarding similar information can be carried out by several authorized personnel. As a result, role based systems result in the transparency and security of the ERP. Issues which occur due to lack of integration In the absence of an integrated ERP, the execution of functions related to any kind of software would not result in any kind of interaction. In most cases, there is also the added issue of customization. This would minimize the optimization of performance related to human activities. The company would be facing several hardships in several areas of functioning (Nordin and Adegoke 2015). The engineering design with respect to the software would be mandatory for improvement in the quality of services and products along with the behaviour of the consumers that are needed to be followed regarding the improvement of services and products. Monitoring several interdependent receipts would turn out to be extremely complex such as the invoices of salaries, purchased mails or general expenditures. In the absence of a well-established ERP, several issues related to multi-platform of IT take place. Over time, companies might find themselves executing several different types of systems of softwar e across several departments. These systems might be inherited with the absorption of organisations or might be combined together for the capability of working with vendors or partners. Problems take place when the systems turn out to be incompatible, outdated or too costly for the maintenance or are unable to be updated. When it turns out that improvements are needed by the systems, the planning of an integrated ERP starts taking place. Without the devising of an effective ERP, the high growth related to medium sized organisations are expected to expand in a continuous manner and support would be needed for the nourishment of this internal growth. With the applications of the ERP, the performance of the organisation and the activities of the business can be better controlled and supervised. With the implementation of an ERP system, interactions can be increased and improved internally between the suppliers and the consumers (Hidayanto et al. 2013). When the suppliers effectively communicate with the sales, finance and marketing, or even combine with the system of the ERP, a considerable increase in productivity takes place. How do ERP systems address these integration issues? Integration has become extremely important process for better business management for almost all the companies (Zikmund et al. 2015). Using different software for each process makes the whole system very complicated. Integrating different software in a single ERP platform makes the process easier to handle (Tenhiala and Helkio 2015). Using different software for different process results in difference in communication between each department of a company (Chang 2016). This issue create confusion among the employees and authorities of a company and results in error in product management, financial department and employee management. ERP addresses these issues while operating in the management system. Despite of using ERP, companies tend to face these issues unless a fully integrated ERP within the company is implemented (Kapp, Latham and Ford-Latham 2016). What benefits can companies achieve when this integration occurs? Integrating ERP software can hugely benefit the companies. Some of them are discussed as below: With increase in volume of data in all the businesses, it is highly necessary for the companies to ensure that flow of data is maintained without any error and speed of the whole process become faster for better customer service. Integrating ERP with business intelligence tools can make the data flow quicker (Teittinen, Pellinen and Jrvenp 2013) . The accuracy and scalability of the data will improve, which will help in accurate decision making and overall improvement of the company. Integration helps in reducing operation cost as there will be decrease in employee hiring as no manual work is required to maintain the data (Behrangrad 2015). Employees will be able to access the data from any location and it will ease their workload. Implementing ERP integration will help in better data synchronization and result in better optimisation of inventory management (Peterman et al. 2014). Company authority will be able to manage all the products. Production planning and distribution will be managed better. Due to reduction in manual entry of the data, the errors and duplicity in data will be reduced significantly (Huang and Handfield 2015). The companies will be able to track preferences of the customers which will help them to provide better customer service. Case Studies of companies and the issues they faced due to lack of integration and how ERP systems helped overcome these: In the earlier data management system that the companies used to follow, the whole system was more of employee effort which mostly resulted in data error, duplicity of data and error in data management (Zanoun and Wison 2015). One of the companies that got high benefits from integrating ERP is electronic giant LG Electronics. With expanding over 40 countries, and having more than 80,000 employees (Rugman and Hoon 2008), the company was facing serious issues of employee and product management. The maintenance cost became too high; there were many errors in decision making and the resources were quite limited for better training for the employees. These issues made company operations extremely difficult for LG Electronics (Park, Hong and Li 2016). They were lagging behind many international brands in the same field. This made them implement ERP method for better company management. LG Electronics made a centralized system with integrating Oracle technology which helped them hosting large amount data, better data migration, increased scalability and performance of the employees. This central managing system reduced their maintenance cost and increased productivity and time management. Implementing ERP helped LG Electronics minimize the challenges that they were facing earlier and increased their brand name further in the electronics market. Another company that introduced ERP in the working system was Fuze Energy Drinks. The business of the company had grown considerably but they were facing extreme challenges to cope up with the needs of their growing business. The main challenges that they faced were managing increased production and inventory, management of products according to market demand and flaws in financial management. This made them implement ERP in their business, which made their business management a lot easier and profitable than earlier. The company was aiming for a low cost management and easy to implement methods for inventory management (Stadtler 2015). It helped them maintain stocks according to expiry dates. It significantly reduced the costing of maintenance and ensured high profitability. Implementing ERP also helped Fuze in better and real time decision making. Conclusions: ERP has become the most popular business management software for the companies who want to make their whole system run smoothly, without any errors. Many famous companies have implemented ERP in their business to manage their growing branches, employees and products. Despite of implementing ERP, some companies continued to face similar issues. Many popular companies have faced serious issues of managing business by implementing old methods. To avoid these issues, integration of ERP system should be implemented. It will result in improved management system, reduction of error in data input, decreased workload of the employees and better product management. This report highlights the need of integrated ERP system in the business of a company. The introduction part reflects the basic knowledge about integrated ERP system. There are discussions about necessity of integrated ERP system in all the companies. The issues that occurs without integrated ERP has been analyzed. The processes of how ERP addresses the integration issue have been discussed. The benefits of ERP integration have also been evaluated. Further, case study of two companies using integrated ERP system has been provided along with their previous experience of not using ERP in their business and how integrated ERP has helped them overcome all the problems. With better and easier business facilities available by integrating ERP, it will be a better option for all the companies to implement this method and make their business strong in all departments. Reference List Ahmad, M.M. and Cuenca, R.P., 2013. Critical success factors for ERP implementation in SMEs.Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing,29(3), pp.104-111. Al Za'noun, A. and Wilson, L., Accenture Global Services Limited, 2015.Data quality analysis and management system. U.S. Patent 8,984,360. Altamony, H., Al-Salti, Z., Gharaibeh, A. and Elyas, T., 2016. The relationship between change management strategy and successful enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementations: A theoretical perspective.International Journal of Business Management and Economic Research,7(4), pp.690-703. Behrangrad, M., 2015. A review of demand side management business models in the electricity market.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,47, pp.270-283. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Hidayanto, A.N., Hasibuan, M.A., Handayani, P.W. and Sucahyo, Y.G., 2013. Framework for Measuring ERP Implementation Readiness in Small and Medium Enterprise (SME): A Case Study in Software Developer Company.JCP,8(7), pp.1777-1782. Huang YY, Handfield RB. Measuring the benefits of ERP on supply management maturity model: a big data method. International Journal of Operations Production Management. 2015 Jan 5;35(1):2-5. Ijaz, A., Malik, R.K., Lodhi, R.N., Habiba, U. and Irfan, S.M., 2014, January. A qualitative study of the critical success factors of ERP system-A case study approach. InProceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management, Bali, Indonesia(Vol. 7, No. 9, pp. 2556-2566). Kapp, K.M., Latham, W.F. and Ford-Latham, H., 2016.Integrated learning for ERP success: A learning requirements planning approach. CRC press. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India Laurent, P., Chollet, T. and Herzberg, E., 2015. Intelligent automation entering the business world. Nordin, N. and Adegoke, O., 2015. Learning from ERP implementation: A case study of issues and challenges in technology management.Jurnal Teknologi. Park, Y., Hong, P. and Li, S., 2016. Free trade agreements and maritime supply chain costs: Competitiveness of Korean firms.Maritime Economics Logistics,18(1), pp.3-18. Parvizi, R., Oghbaei, F. and Khayami, S.R., 2013, May. Using COBIT and ITIL frameworks to establish the alignment of business and IT organizations as one of the critical success factors in ERP implementation. InInformation and Knowledge Technology (IKT), 2013 5th Conference on(pp. 274-278). IEEE. Petermann, A., Junghanns, M., Mller, R. and Rahm, E., 2014. Graph-based data integration and business intelligence with BIIIG.Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment,7(13), pp.1577-1580. Ram, J., Corkindale, D. and Wu, M.L., 2013. Implementation critical success factors (CSFs) for ERP: Do they contribute to implementation success and post-implementation performance?.International Journal of Production Economics,144(1), pp.157-174. Ram, J., Wu, M.L. and Tagg, R., 2014. Competitive advantage from ERP projects: Examining the role of key implementation drivers.International Journal of Project Management,32(4), pp.663-675. Riaz, U., Sair, A., Shrafat, M. and Malik, M.E., 2014. Effect of organization culture and top management support on ERP implementation.Science International,26(3). Rugman, A.M. and Hoon Oh, C., 2008. The international competitiveness of Asian firms.Journal of Strategy and Management,1(1), pp.57-71. Stadtler, H., 2015. Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tanzeel, S. and Idrees, M.W., 2016. Role of Change Management in Successful Implementation of ERP: A Case Study.Abstract of Business Strategy and Social Sciences,5. Teittinen, H., Pellinen, J. and Jrvenp, M., 2013. ERP in actionChallenges and benefits for management control in SME context.International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,14(4), pp.278-296. Tenhil, A. and Helki, P., 2015. Performance effects of using an ERP system for manufacturing planning and control under dynamic market requirements.Journal of Operations Management,36, pp.147-164. Zikmund, W.G., Babin, B.J., Carr, J.C. and Griffin, M., 2013.Business research methods. Cengage Learning.

The Effects of the Black Plage Essay Example For Students

The Effects of the Black Plage Essay Plague, was a term that was applied in the Middle Ages to all fatal epidemic diseases,but now it is only applied to an acute, infectious, contagious disease of rodents and humans,caused by a short, thin, gram-negative bacillus. In humans, plague occurs in three forms:bubonic plague, pneumonic plague, and septicemic plague. The best known form is the bubonicplague and it is named after buboes, or enlarged, inflamed lymph nodes, which arecharacteristics of the plague in the groin or neck or armpit. Bubonic plague can only betransmitted by the bite of any of numerous insects that are normally parasitic on rodents and thatseek new hosts when the original host dies. If the plague is left untreated it is fatal in thirty toseventy five percent of all cases. Mortality in treated cases is only five to ten percent. We will write a custom essay on The Effects of the Black Plage specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The origin of the bubonic plague is unknown but it may have started in Africa or India. Colonies of infected rats were established in Northern India, many years ago. Some of theserodents had infected traders on the route between the Middle East and China. After 1330 theplague had invaded China. From China it was transferred westward by traders and Mongolarmies in the 14th century. While these traders were travelling westward they followed a morenortherly route through the grasslands of what is now Russia, thus establishing a vast infectedIn 1346 the disease reached Crimea and found its way to Europe in 1347. Theoutbreak in Europe was a devastating one, which resulted in more than 25 million deaths-abouttwenty five percent of the continents whole population. After that the plague reappearedirregularly in many European cities until the early 18th century, when it suddenly stopped there. No explanation has ever been given for the plagues rapid disappearance. The first symptoms of the bubonic plague are headache, vomiting, nausea, aching jointsand a feeling of ill health. The lymph nodes of the groin or of the armpit or neck suddenly start tobecome swollen and painful. The pulse and respiration rate of a bubonic plague victim isincreased, and the victim will become listless and exhausted. The buboes will swell until they areapproximately the size of a chicken egg. If a case is nonfatal than the temperature will begin tofall in about five days, and approaches normal in about two weeks, but in fatal cases death willYersinia Pestis, an infectious agent is the cause of the Bubonic Plague. Yersina Pestis isa bacteria, which means the cells lack the internal organization of eukaryotic cells. Thesebacteria cells would contain the membrane but they would not be able to subdivide the inside ofthe cell. These bacteria cells do not have a nucleus so instead they have a nucleiod that containsgenetic material. The two types of bacteria cells are gram- negative and gram-positive. YersinaPestis is gram negative and that means that antibiotics are less effective on the plague because ofa lipopolysaccharide layer over their walls that adds extra protection. The bubonic plague has a major impact on the lymphatic system. The lymphatic systemis made up of lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, lymphoid organs and circulating lymphocytes. Plague victims tend to have large bumps on their bodies which are called buboes. These areactually swollen lymph nodes filled with puss. The spread of the infection causes the lymphThe lymph nodes are heavily concentrated in the neck, armpits, and groin. When aperson becomes ill these areas will begin to swell because the body needs to make a vastamount of white blood cells to fight off whatever pathogen has entered the body. .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c , .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .postImageUrl , .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c , .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:hover , .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:visited , .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:active { border:0!important; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:active , .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf91fe44df78e37f1937b78158d15576c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Computers Not the greatest invention of the 20 th EssayTo make all parts of the body function properly the electron transport chain is needed. Yersina pestis releases a toxin into the body that obstructs this function from occurring. Many preventive measures can be used to reduce the spread of the plague (sanitation,killing of rats, prevention in transport of rats). Individuals who contract the disease are isolated,fed fluids and put to bed. During World War II, scientists using sulfa drugs were able toSince it is a bacteria, the bubonic plague can be treated with antibiotics. Tetracyline,Streptomycin, and Chloramphenicol are three of the antibiotics used to prevent plague. Sometimes, they are even mixed together to form an antibiotic cocktail. The plague can almostalways be cured when it is recognized fast enough. Since the late 19th century bubonic plague vaccinations have been in use. There is avaccine that can be taken in a six to month installment period, but there is a element of risk tothis vaccination. This vaccination has been proven to be ineffective with people younger thaneighteen and older than sixty. The side effects of this vaccination can sometimes result in deathand therefore it is not a good idea to use it. During the Middle Ages, people did not have a clue as to why the plague was spreadingso quickly. But now we know that the bubonic plague is spread by fleas. YersinaPestis(bacteria) moves its way up to the upper digestive tract of the flea where it breeds andmultiplies. The flea must find a new host and when it does the flea drinks its blood andregurgitates the bacteria into the host. This also infects the host. Therefore, the plague can bespread by any rodent or animal who could get fleas. As soon as the bacteria is regurgitated into the new host, it begins to multiply inlymphatic system and the blood stream. The bacteria attacks the whole body at once bytravelling to the spleen, liver, brain, lungs and kidneys. How was the plague transmitted into England? There is much controversy concerningthe exact method by which the plague arrived in England. But it is certain that it arrived via theports, carried on merchant and Naval ships. However, were the infected fleas carried by therats in the grain or bales of cloth and cotton, or on the backs of the crew, passengers orreturning soldiers? Furthermore, how did the disease spread from the ports to the town andcountry? Via wild rodents in the countryside, by the rats and fleas in transported freight, or byAlthough the evidence is mixed and debatable, it is suggested they all played a role. There is evidence to support that plague was caught from baggage and bales of clothes andcloth, as in Eyam in Derbyshire in 1665. There is also existing evidence that human transmissionis solely responsible. The spread of the plague across the country was far too rapid to beaccounted for by wild rodents in the countryside, and it is human transport which explains itsmovement along the major trade routes, usually by ship(British port to port), or on main roadsand navigable rivers. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to assume that rodent transmission played apart in local village to village contamination. The bubonic plague struck England in 1665. Since, the occurrence of the plague was sounexpected only 14th century preventive measures could be taken. The homeless people werethe first to feel the great effects of the plague. They did not have any money and so when theplague struck them they were basically in a hopeless situation. Even the top physicians wereaffected by the bubonic plague. Many doctors had to take care of the plague victims andbecause the plague was contagious, the doctors also caught it. The disease spread rapidlyTo try to prevent the outbreak of the plague the people began to burn fires in the streetsto keep the air clean. Fires were also struck in sickrooms to destroy the clothing of deceasedvictims. They were also killing cats and dogs, because they were believed to be the cause ofMost doctors, during the outbreak of the plague were afraid to visit the patients becausethey did not want to risk the chance of themselves becoming infected by the disease. Manydoctors fled the medical houses, while others were accused of killing their patients for money, orcharging outrageous fees. The doctors believed that these accusations were based onThe doctors also thought it was the rats tail which were the cause of the plague but theystill did not have solid preventive measures. The doctors even suggested that standing over thelatrine with an empty stomach and smelling it for hours was a good remedy to cure the plague. Bibliography:

Preparing to Teach Grammar in an ESL Class

Preparing to Teach Grammar in an ESL Class Teaching grammar in an ESL / EFL setting is quite different from teaching grammar to native speakers. This short guide points to important questions that you should ask yourself to prepare to teach grammar in your own classes. Important Questions to Address The important question that needs to be answered is: how do I teach grammar? In other words, how do I help students learn the grammar they need. This question is deceptively easy. At first look, you might think that teaching grammar is just a matter of explaining grammar rules to students. However, teaching grammar effectively is a much more complicated matter. There are a number of questions that  need to be addressed for each class: What are the objectives of this class?Is the class preparing for an exam? Is the class improving their English for business purposes? Is the class preparing for summer holidays? etc.The answer to this question is important as it will help you decide on how much grammar really needs to be taught. If students are preparing for a Cambridge Exam then grammar will play a large role in your lesson plans. On the other hand, if you are teaching a business class, linguistic formulas may play a larger role as you provide the learners with standard phrases for written documents, participating in meetings, etc.What type of learning background do the learners have?Are the students at school? Have they not studied for a number of years? Are they familiar with grammar terminology?Adults who have not been attending school for a number of years are likely to find grammar explanations confusing while as students who are currently studying will probably be much more adept at understanding grammar chart s, expressions, etc. What learning materials and resources are available?Do you have the latest student workbooks? Do you have no workbooks at all? Is there a computer in the classroom?The more learning resources you have the easier it will be for you to employ different strategies when teaching your students grammar. For example, a group of students who like using computers could use the computer to study a certain grammar task while another group who prefers spoken explanations might prefer to have you explain the point with a number of examples. Obviously, the more varieties of learning opportunities the better your chances are that each student will be able to learn the grammar point well.What kind of learning style does each student have?Is the learner comfortable with standard right brain learning techniques (logical charts, study sheets, etc.)? Does the learner work better with listening and repeating exercises?This is one of the most difficult aspects of teaching - especially teaching grammar. If you have a class of learners with similar learning styles, you can afford to use a similar approach. However, if you have a class of mixed learning styles then you need to try to provide instruction using as many different methods as possible. Once you have answered these questions you can more expertly approach the question of how you are going to provide the class with the grammar they need. In other words, each class is going to have different grammar needs and goals and it is up to the teacher to determine these goals and provide the means with which to meet them. Inductive and Deductive First, a quick definition: Inductive is known as a bottom-up approach. In other words, students discovering grammar rules while working through exercises. For example, a  reading comprehension which includes a number of sentences describing what a person has done up to that period in time. After doing the reading comprehension, the teacher could begin to ask questions such as: How long has he done this or that? Has he ever been to Paris? etc. and then follow with When did he go to Paris? To help the students inductively understand the difference between the simple past and the present perfect, these questions could be followed with which questions spoke about a definite time in the past? Which questions asked about the persons general experience? etc. Deductive is known as a top-down approach. This is the standard teaching approach that has a teacher explaining rules to the students. For example, the present perfect is made up of the auxiliary verb have plus the past participle. It is used to express an action which has begun in the past and continues to the present moment,  etc. Grammar Lesson Outline A teacher needs in the first place to facilitate learning. That is why we recommend providing students with inductive learning exercises. However, there are certainly moments when the teacher needs to explain grammar concepts to the class. Generally, we recommend the following class structure when teaching grammar skills: Begin with an exercise, game, listening, etc. that introduces the grammar concept.Ask students questions that will help them identify the grammar concept to be discussed.Follow with another exercise that more specifically focuses on the grammar concept, but takes an inductive approach. This could be a reading exercise with questions and responses in the structures that are being taught.Check responses, ask students to explain the grammar concept that has been introduced.At this point introduce teaching explanations as a way of clearing up misunderstandings.Provide an exercise which focuses on the correct construction of the grammar point. This could be an exercise such as a fill the gap, cloze or tense conjugation activity.Ask students to once again explain the concept. As you can see, the teacher is facilitating students to do their own learning rather than using the top-down approach of dictating rules to the class.

Love and Lust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Love and Lust - Essay Example During his life, He did all he could to deliver others from suffering. One day, He found an abandoned baby girl. He took her in and named her Love. Through the years living with her Father, she inherited traits of His personality, although less intensely. She eventually met a handsome lad named Pleasure and together they had twin boys: Affection and Desire. The twins were almost impossible to tell apart because they were so identical in form. However, their personalities were outrageously different. Affection inherited his mother’s and Grandfather’s inclination to care and forgive. Altruistic and selfless, Affection always put others before him even though he never wanted anything in return. Being near the ones he loved was what made him most happy. His best friend, Rationality was his loyal companion—he always gave Affection the best advice. A hopeless romantic, Affection never stopped looking for his significant other—someone he could care for until the end of his days. Desire was the opposite. A real daredevil, the boy grew up chasing adrenaline rushes. He didn’t care about the past or the future as long as he was having fun in the present. Completely selfish, he was oblivious to everyone else’s feelings. In his teenage years, he would flirt with all the beautiful girls, especially the ones who were already taken—Desire himself couldn’t understand why, but he liked them the most.